Glossary

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Rainy days

Number of days with precipitation (snow and rain) higher than 1 mm

RCA4

RCA4 is a regional model of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). In Coastal Atlas, model chains with RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 as well as four different driving models (HadGEM2-ES, EC-EARTH, MIROC5 und GFDL-ESM2M) were used.

Model description of the RCA4: http://www.smhi.se/en/research/research-departments/climate-research-rossby-centre2-552/rossby-centre-regional-atmospheric-model-rca4-1.16562

RCAO

The RCAO models used here are based on the emission scenarios A2 and B2. For each emission scenario, one climate scenario was driven by the global model HadAM3H of Hadley Centre (HC) and another one was driven by the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model of Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Meteorologie. The model data was downloaded from the data archive of the EU project PRUDENCE. They have a spatial resolution of about 50 km. These climate scenarios are available from 1961 to 1990 and from 2071 to 2100.

Literature

Räisänen, J., U. Hansson and A. Ullerstig: First GCM-driven RCAO runs of recent and future climate. In SWECLIM Newsletter No. 12, 16-21. [Available from SWECLIM/SMHI, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden], 2002

Döscher, R., Willén, U., Jones, C., Rutgersson, A., Meier, H. E. M., Hansson, U. and Graham, L. P. 2002. The development of the coupled regional ocean-atmosphere model RCAO. Boreal Env. Res. 7, 183-192.

Reference period

The reference period in our analyses corresponds to the climate normal period 1961-1990 by default. However, for some climate simulations data is only available from 1971 on. For these cases the analyses were carried out with the reference period 1971-1990 instead.

Relative humidity

Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a prescribed temperature

REMO

The regional model was driven by the global model ECHAM5 with the emission scenarios A1B, B1 and A2. To estimate the impact of model-internal variability on simulated climate change, multiple model runs were executed for the emission scenario A1B. The model data was downloaded from the CERA-Datenbank. The spatial resolution of these datasets is approximately 10 km. These climate scenarios are available from 1950 to 2100.

Literature

Jacob, D., Göttel, H. Kotlarski S., Lorenz, P., Sieck, K.: Klimaauswirkungen und Anpassung in Deutschland – Phase 1: Erstellung regionaler Klimaszenarien für Deutschland, Forschungsbericht 204 41 138, UBA-FB 000969, 2008

List of analyzed climate scenarios

Jacob; Mahrenholz, 2006: REMO B1 SCENARIO RUN, UBA PROJECT, DATASTREAM 3. World Data Center for Climate. CERA-DB "REMO_UBA_B1_D3" http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=REMO_UBA_B1_D3

Jacob; Mahrenholz, 2006: REMO A1B SCENARIO RUN, UBA PROJECT, DATASTREAM 3. World Data Center for Climate. CERA-DB "REMO_UBA_A1B_D3"
http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=REMO_UBA_A1B_D3

Jacob; Mahrenholz, 2006: REMO A2 SCENARIO RUN, UBA PROJECT, DATASTREAM 3. World Data Center for Climate. CERA-DB "REMO_UBA_A2_D3" http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=REMO_UBA_A2_D3

Jacob, Daniela; Nilson, Enno; Tomassini, Lorenzo; Bülow, Katharina 2009; REMO A1B SCENARIO RUN, BFG PROJECT, 0.088 DEGREE RESOLUTION, monthly data. World Data Center for Climate. CERA-DB "REMO_BFG_A1B_MM" http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=REMO_BFG_A1B_MM

Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6

The Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 is developed by the IMAGE team of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The emission pathway is representative for scenarios in the literature leading to very low greenhouse gas concentration levels. It is a so-called "peak" scenario: its radiative forcing level first reaches a value around 3.1 W/m² mid-century, returning to 2.6 W/m² by 2100. In order to reach such radiative forcing levels, greenhouse gas emissions (and indirectly emissions of air pollutants) are reduced substantially over time.

Representative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5

The RCP 4.5 is developed by the MiniCAM-Team at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Joint Global Research Institute (JGCRI). It is a scenario where radiative forcing stabilises until 2100 due to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5

The RCP 8.5 is developed by the MESSAGE modeling team and the IIASA Integrated Assessment Framework at the International Institute for Applies Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria. The RCP 8.5 is characterized by increasing greenhouse gas emissions over time representative for scenarios in the literature leading to high greenhouse gas concentration levels.